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\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0638\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632 (John Rawls 1912-2002). \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641”. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0643 (Robert Nozick)\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641”\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641” \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641” \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/b>.<\/p>\n

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4. \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/h1>\n

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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631 (Glover) \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0642\u0629\u061f \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 :\u00bb\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0623\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f\u00a0\u00ab(\u063562).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c. \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a (rationnel) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 (raisonnable) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (rationalit\u00e9) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 (raisonnement) \u0627\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c. \u0631\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/b>\u00a0(universalisme) \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u00a0\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/b>\u00a0\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:\u00a0\u00bb\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/b>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u061f \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646…\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627<\/b>\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/b>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a<\/b>\u00a0(rationnel)\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/b>\u00a0(raisonnable) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f\u00ab\u00a0(\u063512-13).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/b>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u063518). \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/b>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627:\u00a0\u00bb… \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629… \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/b>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u00ab\u00a0(\u063518). \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0636\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u00bb<\/b>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00ab\u00a0(\u063518)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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(\u063523).<\/p>\n

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6. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629:<\/h1>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 “\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u00ab\u00a0(\u0635168). \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0623. \u0635\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u062c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631” \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0635160).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/b>\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u00a0<\/b>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u00a0<\/b>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a “\u0645\u0639\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a”\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 (\u063515).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623. \u0635\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0<\/b>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u00a0<\/b>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u00a0\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/b>\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646\u00a0\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/b>. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u06291.<\/p>\n

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1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0.cf. Amartya Sen,\u00a0La d\u00e9mocratie des autres<\/i><\/b>, traduit par Monique Begot, Paris, Rivages Poche, 2006, p. 12-13\u00a0; cf. Sen, Amartya,\u00a0L\u2019id\u00e9e de justice<\/i><\/b>, p. 17.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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