![\"regime_historite\"](\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/regime_historite.jpg\")
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\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 “\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 “\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627” \u0633\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 “\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 “\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 “\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631”. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1789) \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 (1989). \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629”. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 “\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631…” (\u0635. 28). “\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f” (\u0635. 217).<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u06462 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629” \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b (patrimoine). \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b” (nation-patrimoine) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648”\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629” (devoir de m\u00e9moire) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (probabilisme) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0646\u062a <\/i>Hannah Arendt<\/i> \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629” (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629:c\u00e9sure \/ \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:gap) \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629”.<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n
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\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n
1- . \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Reinhart Koselleck, Le futur pass\u00e9 :\u00a0S\u00e9mantique des temps historiques<\/b>, Paris, \u00e9d. E.H.E.S.S., 1990.<\/p>\n
2- \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629( 1984)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 (1986) \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 (1992). \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Pierre Nora (dir.), Les lieux de m\u00e9moire, Paris, Gallimard, 1984-1992.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a<\/i>:<\/p>\n
Le Miroir d\u2019H\u00e9rodote<\/b> (1980), nouvelle \u00e9d., Paris, Gallimard, 1991, coll. \u00abFolio\u00bb, 2001.<\/p>\n
M\u00e9moire d\u2019Ulysse. R\u00e9cit sur la fronti\u00e8re en Gr\u00e8ce ancienne<\/b>, Paris, Gallimard, 1996.<\/p>\n
L\u2019histoire d\u2019Hom\u00e8re \u00e0 Augustin, pr\u00e9faces des historiens et textes sur l\u2019histoire<\/b>, Paris, Seuil, 1999.<\/p>\n
Le 19e si\u00e8cle et l\u2019histoire : Le cas Fustel de Coulanges<\/b>, nouvelle \u00e9dition, Paris, Seuil, 2001.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
R\u00e9gimes d\u2019historicit\u00e9. Pr\u00e9sentisme et exp\u00e9riences du temps, Paris, Seuil, \u00ab La librairie du XXe si\u00e8cle \u00bb, 2003. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0648\u063a Fran\u00e7ois HARTOG \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1307,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-395"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=176"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}