{"id":1822,"date":"2014-07-08T01:54:40","date_gmt":"2014-07-08T00:54:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=1822"},"modified":"2016-03-11T14:12:00","modified_gmt":"2016-03-11T13:12:00","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=1822","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 <\/strong>\u0623<\/strong>\u0633\u0641\u0644 <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644”\u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627”[63]\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

———————————————————————————<\/p>\n[1]\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 “\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629”\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631:”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e”\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d”\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n

[2]Marc Ferro \u00ab La biographie cette handicap\u00e9e de l’histoire \u00bb.Le Magazine litt\u00e9raire<\/strong>, avr. 1979.<\/p>\n

[3]Pierre Bourdieu \u00abL’illusion biographique \u00bbActes de la recherche en sciences sociales<\/strong>.vol. 62-63, juin 1986. p. 69<\/p>\n[4] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0633”\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627”\u0636\u0645\u0646 .\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/strong>\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 2001\u060c \u063584.<\/p>\n

[5]Christian Delacroix. \u00abEntre doutes et renouvellement \u2013les ann\u00e9es 1980-2000\u00bb in Ch. Delacroix. F. Dosse .P. Garcia. \u00abLes courants historiques en France XIX-XX<\/strong>\u00bb.coll. follo histoire. Gallimard.2009,p. 496.<\/p>\n[6] \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0637\u062d\u0637\u062d.\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644. 2012\u0645 \u0635<\/p>\n

[7]Oscar Lewis, Les enfants de Sanchez<\/strong>, autobiographie d’une famille mexicaine<\/strong>, Paris, Gallimard, 1963.<\/p>\n[8]\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0633”\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627”\u0645.\u0633.\u063584.<\/p>\n[9] \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 “\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631“<\/strong> \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629.\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062c \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0633\u060c\u0627\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f309\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2004\u0645\u060c \u0635168\/170.<\/p>\n[10] \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631.\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/strong>. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2006\u0645\u060c \u063553. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n[11]\u00a0 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633 “\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a: \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f<\/strong>\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 168\u060c\u063a\u0634\u062a 2011\u0645.<\/p>\n[12]\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a.\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648<\/strong>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u06291\u060c 1992\u0645\u060c \u0635129.<\/p>\n[13] \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong>.\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a.\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2007\u060c \u063559.<\/p>\n[14]\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644” \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>2\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 1591\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2010\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u063553.<\/p>\n[15]\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u064a\u064a”\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c2004.\u063530.<\/p>\n[16]\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0645.\u0633.<\/strong> \u0635 59.<\/p>\n

[17] Christian Delacroix. \u00ab<\/strong>Entre doutes et renouvellement \u2013les ann\u00e9es. 1980-2000\u00bb<\/strong>op.cit,p. 497.<\/p>\n

[18]Ibid. p. 495-497.<\/p>\n[19]\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628.\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 .\u0645.\u0633. \u0635 68. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f: Vintage, 1976.Eugene Dominic Genovese, The World the Slaves Made<\/p>\n[20]\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643 “\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f:\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647” \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0645.\u0633. \u063534.<\/p>\n[21]\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u063534.<\/p>\n[22] \u063a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a “\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 6 1983 .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 95-96\u0645.\u0633 \u0635626.<\/p>\n[23]\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a “\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f :\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647”\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645.\u0633..\u063553 \u063559<\/p>\n

[24]Nathan Wachtel, .La Vision<\/strong> des vaincus<\/strong>.<\/strong>Les Indiens du P\u00e9rou devant la<\/strong>conquete espagnole<\/strong>(1530-1570) 1971.<\/p>\n[25]\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a “\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 .\u0635626.<\/p>\n[26]\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644” <\/strong>\u0645.\u0633 \u063561.<\/p>\n[27]\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u063566.<\/p>\n[28]\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0635 63\/67.<\/p>\n[29]\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0641 “<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1978. \u063573.<\/p>\n[30] \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633.\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong>. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2009\u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635259.<\/p>\n[31] \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a .\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 20\u0645<\/strong>. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 – \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 2008.\u063536\/37.<\/p>\n

[32]Jaques Revel.<\/strong> \u00abMicrostoria\u00bb.<\/strong>Historiographies. I. Concepts et d\u00e9bats. <\/strong>Sous la direction de C.Delacroix\u00a0,F.Dosse,Paris, Gallimard\u00a0, folio histoire, 2010.p529-530.<\/p>\n[33]\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.”\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648”\u060c\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 2.\u063584.<\/p>\n

[34]<\/strong><\/strong>Christian Delacroix. <\/strong>\u00ab\u00c9chelle\u00bb. Historiographies.II. Concepts et d\u00e9bats<\/strong>, op.cit.p725.<\/p>\n[35] \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 .\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a.\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2009. \u0635317 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634.<\/p>\n[36]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629.”\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>“. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f11. 2012\u0645.<\/p>\n

[37]Jacques Revel.<\/strong> \u00abMicrostoria\u00bb.<\/strong>Historiographies.I. Concepts et d\u00e9bats, <\/strong>op.cit. p530-531.<\/p>\n

[38] Christian Delacroix. \u00ab<\/strong>Entre doutes et renouvellement \u2013les ann\u00e9es 1980-2000\u00bb<\/strong> in.Ch. Delacroix. F. Dosse .P. Garcia. <\/strong>\u00abLes courants historiques en France XIX-XX\u00bb.<\/strong>op.cit, p. 496.<\/p>\n

[39] Fran\u00e7ois Dosse. Le pari biographique<\/strong>. \u00c9crire une vie<\/strong>, Paris, La d\u00e9couverte. 2005, p. .279<\/p>\n[40]\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a”\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631” \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0635141.<\/p>\n

[41]Christian Delacroix .<\/strong> \u00ab\u00c9chelle\u00bb. Historiographies.II.Concepts et d\u00e9bats<\/strong>.op.cit.p. 727.<\/p>\n[42]\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” .\u0645.\u0633.<\/strong> \u0635113.<\/p>\n[43] \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 .\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. \u0635328.<\/p>\n

[44] Jacques Revel,L\u2019histoire au ras du sol<\/strong>, Introduction \u00e0 Giovani Levi, le pouvoir au village<\/strong> , Paris, Gallimard, 1989, pp. I-XXXIII.<\/p>\n

[45]Carlo Ginzburg et Carlo Poni. \u00ab La micro-histoire\u00bb.Le d\u00e9bat<\/strong>. n\u00b0 17, d\u00e9c. 1981. pp. 133-136.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062d\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n[46]\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1978.\u0645.\u0633. \u063573\/74.<\/p>\n[47] \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631.\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631: \u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636<\/strong>. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2001\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0633\u060c \u063537. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633.<\/p>\n[48]\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a .\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 20\u0645)<\/strong> \u0645.\u0633.\u063543.<\/p>\n

[49]Fran\u00e7ois Dosse. Le Pari biographique<\/strong>. \u00c9crire une vie, op.cit, p.279<\/p>\n

[50]ibid, p. 279.<\/p>\n

[51]Jaques Revel. \u00abMicrostoria\u00bb.<\/strong>Historiographies.I. Concepts et d\u00e9bats, <\/strong>op.cit., p. 531.<\/p>\n[52]\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a .\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631<\/strong>. \u0645.\u0633.\u0635145.<\/p>\n

[53]Alban Bensa \u00abAnthropologie et histoire\u00bb.<\/strong>Historiographies. I. Concepts et d\u00e9bats, o<\/strong>p.cit., p. 49.<\/p>\n

[54]Hans Medick.weben und \u00fcberleben in Laichingen 1650-1900 <\/strong>Lokalgeschichte als Allgemeine Geschichte<\/strong>.<\/strong>Verlag: vandenhoeck& ruprecht Jahr, 1997.<\/p>\n

[55]Sandrine Kott \u00abAlltagsgeschichte\u00bb Historiographies.1.concepts et d\u00e9bats<\/strong>, op. cit., p. 25.<\/p>\n

[56]Ibid.<\/p>\n[57]\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643. \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f: \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/strong>. \u0645.\u0633.\u063532.<\/p>\n[58]\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a .\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f<\/strong>. \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 2 .\u0645.\u0633.\u0635388.<\/p>\n

[59]Sandrine Kott. \u00abAlltagsgeschichte\u00bb. Historiographies.1. Concepts et d\u00e9bats<\/strong>, op.cit. p 25-26.<\/p>\n[60] \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 Historikerstreit\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986\u0645 \u06481988\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0646\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a” \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f: \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 .\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. \u0645.\u0633. \u0645\u0646 \u0635 384 \u0625\u0644\u0649 394.<\/p>\n

[61]Sandrine Kott. \u00abAlltagsgeschichte\u00bb. Historiographies.1.Concepts et d\u00e9bats<\/strong>. Op.cit. P26.<\/p>\n

[62]Ibid. p . 27.<\/p>\n

[63]Jean-No\u00ebl Jeanneney, \u00abVive la biographie! \u00bb, L\u2019Histoire<\/strong>, n\u00b013, juin 1979.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647[1]\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0650\u0647\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647-\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645- …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":1816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[253],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-253"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1822"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1822\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}