{"id":197,"date":"2008-01-20T22:20:01","date_gmt":"2008-01-20T21:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=197"},"modified":"2014-04-28T11:45:00","modified_gmt":"2014-04-28T10:45:00","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=197","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0641\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"RTL\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/el_oufi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1362\" src=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/el_oufi.jpg\" alt=\"el_oufi\" width=\"165\" height=\"207\" \/><\/a>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a Economie institutionnaliste) \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644- \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 (Th\u00e9orie de la r\u00e9gulation) \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a (Economie des conventions) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a ( Economie \u00e9volutionniste) \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646 (Amartya Sen). \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0646 (Amartya Sen) \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a (Critique \u00e9conomique, n\u00b0 8, 2002) \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a -\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c 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dir=\"RTL\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 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dir=\"RTL\">\u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 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&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0650\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., Bensaid M. et Hollard M. dir, \u00abEconomie des organisations.Tendances actuelles\u00bb,\u00a0Economie critique, L\u2019Harmattan, Rabat \/Paris, 2007<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., \u00abLa th\u00e9orie de la r\u00e9gulation\u00bb entretien avec Robert Boyer,\u00a0Critique \u00e9conomique, n\u00b0 15, Hiver-printemps 2005.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., Herzenni A. et Bensaid M.,\u00a0\u00abCroissance \u00e9conomique et d\u00e9veloppement humain\u00bb, 50 ans de d\u00e9veloppement humain au Maroc et perspectives pour 2025. 2005<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., Bensaid M., \u00abCh\u00f4mage et employabilit\u00e9 des jeunes au Maroc\u00bb,Cahiers de la strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019emploi, 2005\/6, BIT, Juillet 2005.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., Hollard M., \u00abLes relations professionnelles au Maroc : violence et justification\u00bb,\u00a0Critique \u00e9conomique, n\u00b0 12, Hiver- Printemps 2004.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., \u00abTrajectoires nationales au Maghreb\u00bb, in R. Boyer, Y. Saillard (\u00e9ds),La Th\u00e9orie de la R\u00e9gulation. Etat des savoirs, Ed. La D\u00e9couverte, Paris (1\u00e8re \u00e9dition 1995).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N. dir,\u00a0L\u2019entreprise c\u00f4t\u00e9 usine, les configurations sociales de l\u2019entreprise marocaine, Publications du GERRHE, Coll. \u201cEnqu\u00eates\u201d, Rabat, 2000.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N., \u00abL\u2019\u00e9volution du rapport salarial au Maroc en longue p\u00e9riode\u00bb,Mondes en D\u00e9veloppement, n\u00b0 89\/90, Tome 23, 1995.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"RTL\">El Aoufi N.,\u00a0La R\u00e9gulation du rapport salarial au Maroc, 2 Volumes. Editions de la facult\u00e9 des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Rabat, 1992.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a 17 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1950\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1990. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1362,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-68"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/197\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}