{"id":2051,"date":"2015-11-15T20:07:43","date_gmt":"2015-11-15T19:07:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=2051"},"modified":"2016-03-10T22:31:42","modified_gmt":"2016-03-10T21:31:42","slug":"%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%8c-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=2051","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"

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– \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644[14]<\/sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

– \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629“<\/sup>[15]<\/sup><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n[1] \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0628 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f)\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1989\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646)\u060c \u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2007\u061b \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645)\u060c \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 7- 8\u060c 2009\/2010\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\/\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n[2] \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1906 \u06481952\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1953. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Febvre (L.), Combats pour histoire<\/strong>, Paris, Armand colin, 1992, p 7.<\/p>\n[3] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n[4]\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 (<\/strong>2004)<\/strong>\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c <\/strong>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 (2006)\u061b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0631 (2008).<\/p>\n[5]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>.<\/p>\n[6]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n[7]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n[8]\u00a0\u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 10-11.<\/p>\n[9]\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 19: \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 1850-1912<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1980.<\/p>\n

[10] Mezzine (L.), Le Tafilalet. Contribution <\/strong>\u00e0<\/strong> l\u2019histoire du Maroc aux XVIIe<\/sup> et XVIIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cles<\/strong>, Rabat, 1987.<\/p>\n[11]\u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631: \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 16 \u064819<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1995.<\/p>\n[12]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 40.<\/p>\n[13]\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 68.<\/p>\n[14]\u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0634<\/strong>\u060c \u0639 1\u060c 1999\u060c \u0635 11-16.<\/p>\n[15]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong>\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 89.<\/p>\n[16]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 96.<\/p>\n[17]\u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 98.<\/p>\n

[18] Ben Ali (D.), Le Maroc pr\u00e9capitaliste<\/strong>, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Marocaine des Editeurs R\u00e9unis, Rabat, 1983.<\/p>\n[19]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 111-112.<\/p>\n

[20]Houbaida (M.),\u00a0Le Maroc v\u00e9g\u00e9tarien,\u00a0 15e\u201318e si\u00e8cles. Histoire et biologie<\/strong>, Casablanca, Wallada, 2008.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: “\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644”\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/strong>\u060c 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2011:<\/p>\n

\u00a0https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com<\/p>\n[21]\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645 \u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 126.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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