{"id":278,"date":"2009-01-22T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-01-22T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=278"},"modified":"2016-03-10T22:31:44","modified_gmt":"2016-03-10T21:31:44","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=278","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0635116). \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 (\u0635116 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627)10.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b (\u0635120)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 (\u0635120). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0650 \ufed3\ufef4\ufb6d\ufeae \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0635125). \u0628\u0644 \u00ab\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb (\u0635126) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u063a\u064a. \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 (\u0635411).<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633(\u0635134)11.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \ufb6c\ufeee\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644” \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641. \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u00bb (\u0635141) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c” \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649”. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u061f \u0631\u063a\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a” \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \ufb6c\ufeee\ufb6c\ufef4\ufede \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (\u0635146)12\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u00bb (\u0635145). \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u00bb (\u0635150).<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 (\u0635170 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627).<\/p>\n

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\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644: \u00ab\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00bb (\u0635308).<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b (\u0635375). \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b (\u0635380)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a “\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u062a” \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0635381). \u0648\u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0635403).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \ufb94\ufef2 \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \ufb94\ufef2 \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f”. \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 (\u0635408). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \ufb94\ufef2 \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629” (\u0635410). \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629” \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u00bb (\u0635411). \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \ufb94\ufef2 \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0635411). \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0635412).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \ufb94\ufef2 \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645. \ufb94\ufeee\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0635421)19. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \ufb94\ufef2 \u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0635423-424). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0635435).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064a\u0646” \u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0638\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632” \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 (\u0635437)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0635438).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0634\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0635446 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627)20\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 (\u0635460)21. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629” \u0648”\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642” \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629” (\u0635471). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0635449) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u00bb (\u0635473).<\/p>\n

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\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1988\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a” \u0623\u0648 “\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a”. \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0641\u0631 (Lucien Febvre) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 (\u0644. \ufb6c\ufef4\ufb6d\ufeae) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062e (Marc Bloch)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Henri Pirenne) (\ufeeb. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 (Pierre Toubert) (\u0628. \u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631).<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0644 (Ch . Martel) (\u0634. \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0644).<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 (P. Goubert) (\u0628. \ufb94\ufeee\u0628\u064a\u0631).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648 (M. Ferro) (\u0645. \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0648\ufb6c\ufe8e\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\ufb6c\ufef4\ufeb0\u064a (Beauvaisie) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0646 Auvergne (\u0623\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0631 Anvers (\u0623\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0633) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 (Caen) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 Cannes \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0649” (imm\u00e9diatiste) \u0648”\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a” \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a <\/b>Revue de synth\u00e8se historique<\/b>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 (H\u00e9r\u00e9sie). \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0649” \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062929 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e “\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a”. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641” \u0623\u0648 “\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a” \u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a (Synth\u00e8se historique). \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 H\u00e9r\u00e9sie “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629”\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u064b \u0642\u062f\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629”.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (De la cave au grenier) \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a (\u063530-31)\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d”. \u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0632 (Cave) \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 “\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d” (Grenier)\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646 “\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649: “\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a” (Seigneur f\u00e9odal) “\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a” (Seigneurial)\u060c “\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629” (\u0635540) (domaine seigneurial) \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064730. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0636\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629” \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u061b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b31.<\/p>\n

\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/p>\n

1-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648: Jacques Le Goff, sous la direction,\u00a0La Nouvelle Histoire<\/b>, Paris, RETZ CEPL, 1978. \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 611 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

2-\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0648”\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

3-\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b: Herv\u00e9 Couteau-B\u00e9garie,\u00a0Le Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne Nouvelle Histoire<\/b>, Paris, Economia, 1989.<\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Dosse,\u00a0L\u2019histoire en miettes, des \u00ab Annales \u00bb \u00e0 la \u00ab Nouvelle Histoire<\/b> \u00bb<\/b>, Paris, La D\u00e9couverte, 1987.<\/p>\n

4- Febvre (L.) ;\u00a0La Terre et l\u2019\u00e9volution humaine : Introduction g\u00e9ographique \u00e0 l\u2019histoire<\/b>, Paris, A. Michel, 1922.<\/p>\n

5- Bloch (M.) ;\u00a0Les Caract\u00e8res Originaux de l\u2019histoire rurale fran\u00e7aise<\/b>, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1931.<\/p>\n

6- Braudel (F.) ;\u00a0La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Philippe II<\/b>, Paris, 1949, 2 vol.<\/p>\n

7-\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/b> \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/b>.\u00a0Annales. Economies. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. Civilisations (A.E.S.C<\/b>)<\/b>.<\/p>\n

8-\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u060c \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u00bb.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/b>\u060c 86.<\/p>\n

9-\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0634\u0644\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a:\u0635 98-99-100-101.<\/p>\n

10-\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u064a “\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e”. \u0635. 122.<\/p>\n

11-\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0622\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0640\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064e \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644. \ufed3\ufef4\ufb6d\ufeae \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u00bb. \u0635 91.<\/p>\n

12-\u0623\u0643\u062f \ufb6c\ufeee\ufb6c\ufef4\ufede \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0628. \u0634\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629..\u00bb.<\/p>\n

13-\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0628. \u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n

Toubert (P.) ;\u00a0Les Structures du Latium m\u00e9di\u00e9val : Le Latium m\u00e9ridional et la Sabrine du IXe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 la fin du XIIe si\u00e8cle<\/b>. Ecole fran\u00e7aise de Rome, 1973.<\/p>\n

14-\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/b>\u060c 218.<\/p>\n

15-\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n

Duby (G.) ;\u00a0Guerriers et paysans : 1er essor de l\u2019\u00e9conomie europ\u00e9enne VII-XIIe si\u00e8cles<\/b>, Paris, Gallimard, 1973.<\/p>\n

Le Goff (J.) ; \u00abTemps de l\u2019\u00e9glise et temps des marchands\u00bb, dans\u00a0Pour un autre Moyen Age : temps, travail et culture en occident<\/b>, Paris, Gallimard, 1977.<\/p>\n

16-\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n

17- Braudel (F.) ; Civilisation mat\u00e9rielle et capitalisme, XV-XVIIIe si\u00e8cle<\/b>, Paris, A. Colin, 1979. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n

18-\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Wital Kula \u0648Aleksander Gieysztor<\/p>\n

19-\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645. \ufb94\ufeee\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

Godelier (M.) ;\u00a0Rationalit\u00e9 et irrationalit\u00e9 en \u00e9conomie<\/b>, Paris, Maspero, 1971, 2 vol.<\/p>\n

Godelier (M.) ;\u00a0Horizon, trajets marxistes en anthropologie<\/b>, Paris, Maspero, 1977, 2 vol.<\/p>\n

20-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

21-\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 B\u00e9guines et B\u00e9ghards \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b:\u00a0H\u00e9r\u00e9sie et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s dans l\u2019Europe pr\u00e9-industrielle 11-18e si\u00e8cles<\/b>. Colloque de Royaument, Paris, Mouton, 1968.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

22-\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

Dum\u00e9zil (G.) ;\u00a0Mythe et \u00e9pop\u00e9e<\/b>, 3 vol. Paris, Gallimard, 1968-1973. Dum\u00e9zil (G.) ;\u00a0Heur et Malheur du guerrier, Aspects mythiques de la fonction guerri\u00e8re chez les Indo-europ\u00e9ens<\/b>, Paris, Flammarion, 1985.<\/p>\n

23-\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

Duby (G.) ;\u00a0Les Trois ordres ou l\u2019Imaginaire du f\u00e9odalisme<\/b>, Paris, Gallimard, 1978.<\/p>\n

Le Goff (J.) ;\u00a0L\u2019Imaginaire m\u00e9di\u00e9val Essais<\/b>, Paris, Gallimard, 1985 (1991).<\/p>\n

24-\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/b> \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n

25-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/b>\u060c \u0635 9. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 – \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 – \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

26-\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f” \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \ufeeb. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0648\ufb94\ufeee\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635. 109.<\/p>\n

27-\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a”. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629”. \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n

28-\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u0641\u064a 1929\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

29-\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644” “Longue dur\u00e9e” \u0628”\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644” \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635 33.<\/p>\n

30-\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c\u00a0\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/b>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 2003.<\/p>\n

31-\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n

Boutruche (R.) ;\u00a0Seigneurie et f\u00e9odalit\u00e9<\/b>, Paris, Aubier, 1970, 2 vols.<\/p>\n

Duby (G.) ;\u00a0Guerriers et paysans<\/b>..<\/b>, op. cit.<\/p>\n

Bonnassie (D.) ;\u00a0La Catalogne du Xe au XIe si\u00e8cle. Croissance et mutations d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/b>, Toulouse – Le Mirail, 1975-1976, 2 vols.<\/p>\n

Fossier (R.) ;\u00a0Enfance de l\u2019Europe<\/b>, Paris, P.U.F. 1982, 2 vols<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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