{"id":2953,"date":"2019-04-16T12:22:04","date_gmt":"2019-04-16T11:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=2953"},"modified":"2019-04-16T12:36:46","modified_gmt":"2019-04-16T11:36:46","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=2953","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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1-\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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     \n\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1889\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629\n1904\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u06451907. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1898\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 (\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\n19\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 20\u0645). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1894\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\n\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0650\u0651 1904-1905. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\n\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\n(\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\n\u064a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0632\u064f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064e \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639\n\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u064f\u0631\u0633\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u064f\u0631\u0633\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\n\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u064f\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\n\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\n\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629\n\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u0645\u060c\n\u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632.\n\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u0645 \u062f\u064f\u0651\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\n\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u064f\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u0645.\n\u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645”. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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     \n\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u0650\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a 1945\u0645 \u06481952\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d”\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627.\n\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064f\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650\u060c \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0650\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0650\n\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u0650\n\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0650 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064d \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u060c\n\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648\n“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629”. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0650\n\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064e \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u064a\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u0650. \u0623\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\n\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\n\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e \u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\n\u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a\n\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0638\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638\u0650\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0650 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u0627\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\n\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\n\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 Ogawa Koji\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0650\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0650\u0651 (Jikkyo)\u060c \u0639\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 [2009 Ogawa]\u060c\n\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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http:\/\/search.tbias.jp\/en\/books<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064f \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0650 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 1868-2015)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  <\/strong>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

   \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\n\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u064d \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0647\u064a Tokyo Shoseki \u0648Jikkyo \u0648Sanseido \u0648Yamakawa\u060c\n\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627\n\u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0650 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629)\u060c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\n\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629) <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064f (\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0632\u0627\u062a\u064f\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064f\n(\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627\n\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\/ \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\/ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c\n\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c\n\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n  \n <\/td>\n Periods<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n Titles\/Subtitles<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n Dynasties\/Subjects<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n Geographical\n Areas<\/strong>\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Ancient<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n BC3000-AD6c\n <\/td>\n Orient\n West\n Asia\n <\/td>\n Pharaoh\n , Hittites, Assyrians, Achaemenes, \n <\/td>\n Egypt,\n Mesopotamia, Persia\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Medieval<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n AD7c-15c\n <\/td>\n the\n Islamic World\n Islamic\n Empire, Islamic society, Islamic Culture\n <\/td>\n Orthodox\n Caliphs, Umayyads, Abbasids, Seljukids, Mamluks, Muwahhids. \n <\/td>\n Magrib,\n Mashriq, Iran, Andalus\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Early\n Modern<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n 15c-18c\n <\/td>\n Turkish\n World, Iranian World, Indo-Islamic World\n <\/td>\n Ottomans,\n Safavids,  Timirids, Mughal, \n <\/td>\n Turkey,\n Iran, Transoxiana, India\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Modern<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n 19c-WWII\n <\/td>\n Colonization,\n National movements\n <\/td>\n Muhammad\n Alis, Qajars, Ottomans\n <\/td>\n Middle\n East, Africa, Afghanistan\n <\/td><\/tr>
\n Contemporary<\/strong>\n <\/td>\n Post-WWII\n <\/td>\n Independence,\n National Awakening\n Islamic\n Fundamentalism (Revival)\n <\/td>\n Palestine\n Issue, Egyptian Revolution, Iran-Islamic Revolution, Middle East war\n <\/td>\n Middle\n East, Africa, Afghanistan\n <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0640”\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 13% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 (Yamakawa)\u060c\n\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 (1973) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1979). \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644\n“\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637” \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 Tokyo Shoseki \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 13% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0632\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0635\u064f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1.7% \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a\n\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641\n\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0647\u0650\n\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0650:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \n\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\n\u0643\u0644\u0650\u0651 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

     \n\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miura, Toru. 2006. \u201cPerceptions\nof Islam and Muslims in Japanese High Schools: Questionnaire Survey and\nTextbooks\u201d, Annals of Japan Middle Eastern Studies Association<\/em>21,\n173-191.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

——-. 2010. \u201cIslamic and Middle Eastern Studies in\nJapan: Towards Understanding in a Interactive and Comparative Way\u201d. Proceedings\nof IAS-AEI International Conference, New Horizons in Islamic Area Studies:\nIslamic Scholarship across Cultures & Continents<\/em>. Kuala Lumpur:\nAsia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

——. 2011. \u201cThe State of Training and Research in Middle\nEastern Studies in Japan\u201d,   Asian\nResearch Trends New Series<\/em>6: 85-110.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ogawa Koji. 2009. \u201cEarnest High School\nTeachers of World History force their Students into Slavery Labor in a Hell of\nMemorizing it (Kueki e no michiwasekaishikyoshi no zen\u2019i de shikitsumerareteiru\u201d.\nRekishigakuKekyu<\/em> 859:191-200(in Japanese).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

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