{"id":3050,"date":"2020-01-02T13:47:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T12:47:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=3050"},"modified":"2020-01-29T20:04:28","modified_gmt":"2020-01-29T19:04:28","slug":"%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a4%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=3050","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Michael\nRothberg, <em>The Implicated Subject: Beyond Victims and Perpetrators<\/em>.\nStanford University Press, 2019. 288 p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1- \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\n\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u062b\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646.\n\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062b\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (genealogical implication) \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\n\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a\n\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627 (structural implication).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649\n\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062b\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c\n\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\n\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648:\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\n&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f&#8221; (long-distance nationalism) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\n\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646 (Benedict\nAnderson). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\n\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0648\n\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 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Stanford University Press, 2009.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3-\n\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062b\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (n\u0153uds de\nm\u00e9moire) \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 (Pierre Nora) &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629(Lieux de m\u00e9moire) &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">&nbsp;Rothberg, \u201cIntroduction: Between\nMemory and Memory: From Lieux de M\u00e9moire to Noeuds de M\u00e9moire.\u201d <em>Yale French\nStudies<\/em>, No. 118\/119, Noeuds de M\u00e9moire: Multidirectional Memory in Postwar French and Francophone Culture (2010), pp. 3-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649\n\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636.\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\n\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0648 (Kimberl\u00e9 Crenshaw)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\n\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627-\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\n\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Rothberg, The Implicated Subject: Beyond Victims and Perpetrators. Stanford University Press, 2019. 288 p. 1- \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629\u061f \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":169,"featured_media":3051,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[686,687,688,689],"class_list":["post-3050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-395","tag-686","tag-687","tag-688","tag-689"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/169"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}