{"id":3258,"date":"2020-10-05T08:51:12","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T07:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=3258"},"modified":"2020-10-05T21:05:15","modified_gmt":"2020-10-05T20:05:15","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=3258","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u0646\n\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\n\u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">John Waterbury, <em>North for the Trade. The Life and\nTimes of a Berber Merchant<\/em>, 1972.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Kiraat_1020-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3259\" width=\"303\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Kiraat_1020-01.jpg 402w, https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Kiraat_1020-01-210x300.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 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\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1- \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064f\u0647\n&#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0644\n&#8220;\u0644\u0643\u0633\u062a&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 (\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0652\u0644\u0652\u0646\u0652 \u060c \u0625\u062f\u0627 \u0648\ufb94\u0640\u0646\u064a\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0652\u062a \u0645\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u060c\n\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0635\u0652\u0648\u0627\u0628).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">2-Rachid Agrour, \u00ab&nbsp;Contribution \u00e0\nl\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019un mot voyageur&nbsp;: Chleuh\u00bb, in, <em>Cahiers d\u2019\u00e9tudes africaines<\/em>,\n208, 2012, pp. 767-811.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">3-Rachid Benbih, \u00ab&nbsp;Migration interne\net \u00e9volution, des Amazighophones en milieu urbain&nbsp;\u00bb, in <em>L\u2019amazighe en milieu\nurbain<\/em>, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019Agadir, session 12, 2017, pp.2011-2018. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">4- Robert Montagne, <em>Naissance du\nprol\u00e9tariat Marocain<\/em>, Paris, Peyronnet, 1952, p. 52. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5-&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&#8221;\u060c\n\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0644<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 51\u060c\n2018\u060c\n\u0635. 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">6- Fran\u00e7ois Berger, <em>Moha ou Hamou le\nZayani, Un royaume berb\u00e8re contemporain au Maroc (1877-1912),<\/em> Marrakech, L\u2019Atlas,\n1929, p.64.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">7-Rachid Agrour, <em>L\u00e9opold Justinard,\nmissionnaire de la tachelhit 1914-1954. Quarante ans d\u2019\u00e9tudes berb\u00e8res<\/em>,\nParis, Bouch\u00e8ne, 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\">8-Lahoucine Bouyaakoubi, <em>Le \u00ab&nbsp;berb\u00e8re st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9&nbsp;\u00bb. Etude\ndes processus de construction des images et des repr\u00e9sentations des\n\u00ab&nbsp;Berb\u00e8res&nbsp;\u00bb du Maroc dans les sources coloniales fran\u00e7aises. Repr\u00e9sentation,\ndomination et exclusion<\/em>, dir. Tassadit Yacine, EHESS, Paris, 2012.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020. John Waterbury, North for the Trade. The Life and Times of a Berber Merchant, 1972. \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0652\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u062f\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":231,"featured_media":3259,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[785,786,787],"class_list":["post-3258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-395","tag-785","tag-786","tag-787"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3258","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/231"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3258"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3258\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3258"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3258"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3258"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}