{"id":4669,"date":"2023-04-19T23:53:02","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T22:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=4669"},"modified":"2023-04-19T23:53:02","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T22:53:02","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=4669","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8211; \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0628\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2022.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kiraat_0423-01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-4672\" src=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kiraat_0423-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"269\" height=\"377\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kiraat_0423-01.jpg 463w, https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Kiraat_0423-01-214x300.jpg 214w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/><\/a>\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0635. 16).<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (1297-1351\u0645) \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 (1329-1358 \u0645)&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646&#8221; (\u0635. 29).<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640 \u00ab\u00a0\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u00bb (\u0635. 30).<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 (1078-1118\u0645) \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 (1006-1106 \u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 1103 \u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00bb(\u0635. 31). \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0635. 150\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 5).<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0640\u0640 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0640\u0640 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0635. 34-35).<\/p>\n<p>\u0640\u0640 \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u2013 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> &#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1975\u060c \u0635. 59.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> &#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635. 81.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635. 108.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> &#8211; \u00ab\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u063a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646) (\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 85). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640\u0640&#8221;\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0627\u0634\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635. 75.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2002\u060c \u0635. 54-56\u060c 58. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0647\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1977\u060c \u0635. 113. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0646\u0633\u060c <strong>\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c [\u0645\u0635\u0631]\u060c 2000\u060c \u0635. 14-15. (\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 451 \u0647\u0640 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u00bb\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 12-13\u060c 1981-1982\u060c \u0635. 109.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Daniel EUSTACHE, <strong>Corpus des monnaies Almoravides<\/strong>, Bank Al-Maghrib, \u00c9ditions Okad, Rabat, 2017, p. 197. Hanna KASSIS, \u00abNotas historicas sobre las monedas de los Almoravides\u00bb, in, <strong>I Jarique de estudios numism\u00e1ticos hispano-arabes<\/strong>, Instituci\u00f3n Fernando El Cat\u00f3lico, Zaragoza, 1988, p. 57.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> &#8211; \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 56\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 1997\u060c \u0635. 364.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">EUSTACHE, <strong>Corpus<\/strong>, pp. 197-198.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> _ MAYA SHATZMILLER, <strong>L\u2019Historiographie m\u00e9rinide\u00a0: Ibn Khald<\/strong><strong>\u016b<\/strong><strong>n et ses contemporains<\/strong>, \u00e9d. J. Brill, Leiden, 1982, p. 117.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0640: \u00ab\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (&#8230;) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u00a0\u00bb \u0640 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635. 176\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a>_ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641: \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635. 151.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">_ ALFRED BEL, \u00abLes Premiers \u00e9mirs m\u00e9rinides et l\u2019islam\u00bb, in, <strong>M\u00e9langes de g\u00e9ographie et d\u2019orientalisme offerts \u00e0 E. F. Gautier<\/strong>, Arrault et C<sup>le<\/sup>, Ma\u00eetres Imprimeurs, Tours, 1937, p. 37.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> _ \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0639\u061f\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 1972\u060c \u0635. 30.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> _ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 (\u0645\u0646 317\u0647\u0640 \/ 929\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 759\u0647\u0640 \/ 1358\u0645)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 2\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 2016 \u2013 2017\u060c \u0635. 356. (\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> &#8211; \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c [\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0628]\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0633\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635. 34.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> &#8211; \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 &#8211; \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635. 124.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631&#8221;<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635. 163.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 13\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0637. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c 1407\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635. 126.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> &#8211; \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a (\u062a. 873 \u0647\u0640)\u060c <strong>\u0632\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635. 169.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" name=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a (\u062a. 665 \u0647\u0640)\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 &#8211; \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635. 320.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" name=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637&#8221;<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635. 195-196.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" name=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> &#8211; Ahmed KHANEBOUBI, <strong>Les Premiers sultans m\u00e9rinides 1269-1331: Histoire politique et sociale<\/strong>, L\u2019Harmatan, Paris, 1987, p. 98.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" name=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 7 \u06488 \u0647\u0640)\u060c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647\u060c <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 3- <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (731-759 \u0647\/ 1331-1358 \u0645)<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635. 294.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8211; \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2022. &nbsp; \u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":279,"featured_media":4672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[395],"tags":[1050,1051,1052,1053,1054],"class_list":["post-4669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-395","tag-1050","tag-1051","tag-1052","tag-1053","tag-1054"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/279"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4669"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4669\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}