{"id":4847,"date":"2023-11-26T15:42:03","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T14:42:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=4847"},"modified":"2023-11-26T16:34:17","modified_gmt":"2023-11-26T15:34:17","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=4847","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jean Leduc, \u00ab\u00a0P\u00e9riode, p\u00e9riodisation\u00a0\u00bb, in C. Delacroix, F. Dosse, P. Garcia & N. Offenstadt (dir.), Historiographies: Concepts et d\u00e9bats<\/em>, Paris, Gallimard, 2010, t. II, pp. 830-838.<\/p>\n

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“\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u061f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u061f”\u060c \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/strong> (2000). \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641: “\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u061f”.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a01- Zeitgeschichte.<\/p>\n

\u00a02- La Constituante (1789); La l\u00e9gislative (oct. 1791-sept. 1792); La Convention (sept. 1792-oct. 1795); Le Directoire (1795-1799); Le consulat (1799-1804); L\u2019Empire (1804-1815).<\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627” (Chronosophie). \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n