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<\/p>\n
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\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a(the linguistic turn) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
[1]A. W. McHoul, \u201cSociology and Literature: The Voice of Fact and the Writing of Fiction,\u201d Journal of Sociology <\/em>204,2 (July, 1988): 214.<\/p>\n[2]<\/a>Jonathan W. Moses <\/a>and Torbj\u00f8rn L. Knutsen<\/a>,Ways of Knowing: Competing Methodologies in Social and Political Research<\/em> (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 118.<\/p>\n[3]<\/a>Michel Foucault,The Order of Things: An Archaelogy of the Human Sciences<\/em>(New York: Vintage Books, 1973),349.<\/p>\n[4]<\/a>Mariano Longo, Fiction and Social Reality: Literature and Narrrative as Sociological Resources<\/em>(Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2015), 40.<\/p>\n[5]<\/a>Longo, 54.<\/p>\n[6]<\/a>Longo, 104.<\/p>\n[7]<\/a> Longo, 127<\/p>\n[8]<\/a>Longo, 70.<\/p>\n[9]<\/a>James F. English, \u201cEverywhere and Nowhere: The Sociology of Literature after \u2018the Sociology of Literature,\u2019\u201dNew Literary History<\/em> 41,2 (2010): viii.<\/p>\n[10]<\/a>Longo, 44.<\/p>\n[11]<\/a>Simon Susen,The ‘Postmodern Turn’ in the Social Sciences<\/em>(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 1.<\/p>\n[12]<\/a>Michiel Leezenberg and Gerard de Vries, History and Philosophy of the Humanities: An Introduction<\/em>(Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017), 184.<\/p>\n[13]<\/a>Longo, 4.<\/p>\n[14]<\/a>Longo,5.<\/p>\n[15]<\/a> Longo, 4-6.<\/p>\n[16]<\/a>Longo, 121.<\/p>\n[17]<\/a>Longo, 133-134.<\/p>\n[18]<\/a>Longo, 627.<\/p>\n[19]<\/a> Moses and Knutsen, 1.<\/p>\n[20]<\/a>McHoul, 212.<\/p>\n[21]<\/a>James M. Jasper, The Emotions of Protest<\/em>(Chicago: The University of Chicago press, 2018), xi.<\/p>\n[22]<\/a>Patricia Ticineto Clough andJean Halley, The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social<\/em>(Durham: Duke University Press, 2007), ix.<\/p>\n[23]<\/a> Longo, 51.<\/p>\n[24]<\/a> Longo, 41.<\/p>\n[25]<\/a>McHoul, 221.<\/p>\n[26]<\/strong><\/a> \u0635\u062d\u062d \u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062b\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994.<\/p>\n[27]<\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0641\u0623\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n[28]<\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2007.<\/p>\n[29]<\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2013.<\/p>\n[30]<\/strong><\/a>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 11 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 2024.<\/p>\n[31]<\/a>\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0633-\u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n[32]<\/strong><\/a>John Andrew Napora, Work and Power in Northern Morocco: Wazzan, Islam, Weaving trade, Religious Order, PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, 1999. (Manuscript).<\/p>\n[33]<\/a>James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday forms of Peasants Resistance<\/em>(New Haven: Yale University Press: 1985), xv.<\/p>\n[34]<\/a>Asef Bayat, Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East<\/em>(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013), 35.<\/p>\n[35]<\/strong><\/a>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2014.<\/p>\n[36]<\/a>Samia Mehrez, Egypt’s Cultural Wars: Politics and Practice<\/em>(New York: Routlege, 2008).<\/p>\n
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\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a(the narrative turn)\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629[13]<\/a>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629” \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c 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\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a.\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 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\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a(the linguistic turn) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0647[19]<\/a>.\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 (feeling-thinking)\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a[21]<\/a>. 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\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 (the quiet encroachment of the ordinary)\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 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\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621” \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a 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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 (the subaltern)\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n ————————————–<\/p>\n <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n [1]A. W. McHoul, \u201cSociology and Literature: The Voice of Fact and the Writing of Fiction,\u201d Journal of Sociology <\/em>204,2 (July, 1988): 214.<\/p>\n [2]<\/a>Jonathan W. Moses <\/a>and Torbj\u00f8rn L. Knutsen<\/a>,Ways of Knowing: Competing Methodologies in Social and Political Research<\/em> (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 118.<\/p>\n [3]<\/a>Michel Foucault,The Order of Things: An Archaelogy of the Human Sciences<\/em>(New York: Vintage Books, 1973),349.<\/p>\n [4]<\/a>Mariano Longo, Fiction and Social Reality: Literature and Narrrative as Sociological Resources<\/em>(Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2015), 40.<\/p>\n [5]<\/a>Longo, 54.<\/p>\n [6]<\/a>Longo, 104.<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> Longo, 127<\/p>\n [8]<\/a>Longo, 70.<\/p>\n [9]<\/a>James F. English, \u201cEverywhere and Nowhere: The Sociology of Literature after \u2018the Sociology of Literature,\u2019\u201dNew Literary History<\/em> 41,2 (2010): viii.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a>Longo, 44.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a>Simon Susen,The ‘Postmodern Turn’ in the Social Sciences<\/em>(Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 1.<\/p>\n [12]<\/a>Michiel Leezenberg and Gerard de Vries, History and Philosophy of the Humanities: An Introduction<\/em>(Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017), 184.<\/p>\n [13]<\/a>Longo, 4.<\/p>\n [14]<\/a>Longo,5.<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> Longo, 4-6.<\/p>\n [16]<\/a>Longo, 121.<\/p>\n [17]<\/a>Longo, 133-134.<\/p>\n [18]<\/a>Longo, 627.<\/p>\n [19]<\/a> Moses and Knutsen, 1.<\/p>\n [20]<\/a>McHoul, 212.<\/p>\n [21]<\/a>James M. Jasper, The Emotions of Protest<\/em>(Chicago: The University of Chicago press, 2018), xi.<\/p>\n [22]<\/a>Patricia Ticineto Clough andJean Halley, The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social<\/em>(Durham: Duke University Press, 2007), ix.<\/p>\n [23]<\/a> Longo, 51.<\/p>\n [24]<\/a> Longo, 41.<\/p>\n [25]<\/a>McHoul, 221.<\/p>\n [26]<\/strong><\/a> \u0635\u062d\u062d \u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062b\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994.<\/p>\n [27]<\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0641\u0623\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n [28]<\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2007.<\/p>\n [29]<\/a>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2013.<\/p>\n [30]<\/strong><\/a>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 11 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 2024.<\/p>\n [31]<\/a>\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0633-\u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n [32]<\/strong><\/a>John Andrew Napora, Work and Power in Northern Morocco: Wazzan, Islam, Weaving trade, Religious Order, PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, 1999. (Manuscript).<\/p>\n [33]<\/a>James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak: Everyday forms of Peasants Resistance<\/em>(New Haven: Yale University Press: 1985), xv.<\/p>\n [34]<\/a>Asef Bayat, Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East<\/em>(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2013), 35.<\/p>\n [35]<\/strong><\/a>\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2014.<\/p>\n [36]<\/a>Samia Mehrez, Egypt’s Cultural Wars: Politics and Practice<\/em>(New York: Routlege, 2008).<\/p>\n“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/h3>\n