{"id":5585,"date":"2025-09-03T11:00:15","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T10:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=5585"},"modified":"2025-09-03T10:29:27","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T09:29:27","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=5585","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a <em>\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/em> \u0648<em>\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062c.\u060c <strong><em>\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/em><\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u06442022.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062c.\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c 2024.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sinou\u00e9, G. ,<em>L&#8217;\u00eele du couchant<\/em>. Paris, Gallimard, 2021.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sinou\u00e9, G., <em>Le\u00a0bec de canard<\/em>. Paris, Gallimard, 2022.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639.\u060c<strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/em>\u060c <\/strong>\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u060c <strong><em>\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/em><\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2021.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639.\u060c <strong><em>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/em><\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\/ \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2018.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639.\u060c <strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/em><\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c 2022.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0623.\u060c <strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/em><\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 2024.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0646.\u060c &#8220;&#8216;\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628&#8217;&#8230; \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644.&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <em>\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c <\/em>(2021\u060c 19 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632)\u060c \u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Carr, E. H. <em>What is History<\/em>. London\/ New York, Penguin Books (2<sup>nd<\/sup> edition), 1990.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cuddon, J. A.,<em>Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory<\/em>. London\/ New York: Penguin Books, 1991.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Elton, G. R. (1967\/1969). <em>The Practice of History<\/em>. London and Glasgow: Collins Clear-Type Press, 1967\/1969.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/diffah.alaraby.co.uk\/diffah\/secondbank\/2021\/6\/19\/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">https:\/\/diffah.alaraby.co.uk\/diffah\/secondbank\/2021\/6\/19\/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/em>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a &#8220;\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639. (2022). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633. \u0635. 194.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0646. (2021\u060c 19 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632). &#8220;\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628&#8230; \u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0641\u064a <em>\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/em>:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">https:\/\/diffah.alaraby.co.uk\/diffah\/secondbank\/2021\/6\/19\/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a 7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Germain Mo\u00fcette, <em>Relation de la captivit\u00e9 du sieur Mouette dans les royaumes de Fez et de Maroc<\/em> (1683)- Dominique Busnot, <em>Histoire du r\u00e8gne de Moulay Ismail<\/em> (1714)- Charles de Foucauld, <em>Reconnaissance au Maroc<\/em> (1888)- Charles Peyreigne, <em>Les influences europ\u00e9ennes au Maroc avant la conf\u00e9rence d\u2019Alg\u00e9sisras<\/em> (1908)- Roger le Tourneau, <em>F\u00e8s, avant le protectorat<\/em> (1949)- Magdinier, <em>LaKahena<\/em> (1953)- Levesque et Penz, <em>Histoire du Maroc<\/em> (1955)- Jean Servier, <em>Les Berb\u00e8res<\/em> (1989)-Berque et Couleau, <em>Le Maroc<\/em> (1992)- Gabriel Camps, <em>L\u2019Afrique du nord au f\u00e9minin<\/em> (1995)- Baron de Slane, <em>Histoires des Berb\u00e8res<\/em> (2003)- Pennel, <em>Morrocofrom empire to independence<\/em> (2003)-Lucien B\u00e9ly, <em>L\u2019art de la paix en Europe<\/em> (2007)- Michel Abitbol, <em>Histoire du Maroc<\/em> (2009)- David Bensoussan, <em>Il \u00e9tait une fois le Maroc<\/em> (2010)- Daniel Rivet, <em>Histoire du Maroc<\/em> (2012)- S\u00e9nac et Cressier, <em>Histoire du Maghreb M\u00e9di\u00e9val du VIIe au XIX si\u00e8cle<\/em> (2012)- Bernard Lugan, <em>Histoire de l\u2019Afrique du nord <\/em>(2016)- Henry Castries, <em>Les Sources in\u00e9dites de l\u2019histoire du Maroc de 1530 \u00e0 1845<\/em> (2019)- Comer Plummer III, <em>Empire of Clay, the reign of Moulay Ismail<\/em> (2019)- Osire Glacier, <em>Femmes politiques au Maroc<\/em> (2021)&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0645 2 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2024\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a 7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0639. (2021). <em>\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0622\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: 65\u060c 69\u060c 89\u060c 95\u060c 96\u060c 103\u060c 108\u060c 114\u060c 128\u060c 129\u060c 137\u060c \u0648165. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a: 37\u060c 54\u060c 57\u060c 61\u060c 88\u060c 116\u060c 124\u060c 142\u060c 152\u060c 186\u060c 235\u060c \u0648245.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">BerramdaneAbdelkhaleq, <em>Le Maroc et l&#8217;Occident, 1800-1974<\/em> (1987)- Youn\u00e8s Nekrouf, <em>Une amiti\u00e9 orageuse<\/em> (1987)- Malek Chebel, <em>L\u2019esclavage en terre d\u2019islam<\/em> (2007)- Abdelaziz Touri, MhammadBenaboud, Naima Boujibar El-Khatib, <em>Le Maroc Andalou<\/em> (2015)- Mohammad Kenbib, <em>Juifs et Musulmans au Maroc 1859-1948<\/em> (2016)- Khadija Mohsen-Finan (\u00e9d.), <em>Le Maghreb dans les relations internationales<\/em> (collectif\/ 2019).<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 <em>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/em> \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648<em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/em>&#8211; 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