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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631”\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646: \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 279-299.<\/p>\n [10]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 107.<\/p>\n [11]<\/a> Edward Tylor, Primitive Culture<\/strong>, V. 1, London, 1920, p. 1.<\/p>\n [12]<\/a> \u00a0\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 82.<\/p>\n [13]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 133.<\/p>\n [14]<\/a> \u00a0\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0635 48-50.<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 34.<\/p>\n [16]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635 17.<\/p>\n [17]<\/a> \u00a0\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631(\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n [18]<\/a> Fernand Braudel, “Histoire et Sciences sociales: La longue dur\u00e9e”,\u00a0Annales<\/strong><\/em> ESC<\/em><\/strong>.<\/em>, N\u00b0 4, 1958, p. 731.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/k180326_bis.jpg\")
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