{"id":6705,"date":"2026-04-24T08:36:06","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T07:36:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=6705"},"modified":"2026-04-24T11:24:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T10:24:28","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=6705","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

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\u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629: “\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629”. \u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644” \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629-\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c “\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647”.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[1]<\/a> \u0625\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u062c\u0648 (Yves David Hugot): \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 (RUEIL-Malmaison). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648<\/em> (Socio<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2021 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/u> (Immanuel Wallerstein, H\u00e9ritages et promesses<\/u>). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Capitalisme et Modernit\u00e9 chez I. Wallerstein. La colonisation des mondes<\/em>, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2025.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

* \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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https:\/\/laviedesidees.fr\/L-economie-d-apres-Braudel<\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[2]<\/a> Civilisation mat\u00e9rielle, \u00e9conomie et capitalisme, XVe<\/sup>-XVIIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/em>, 3 vol., Paris, Armand Colin, 1979.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[3]<\/a> La Dynamique du capitalisme<\/em>, Paris, Arthaud, 1985, r\u00e9\u00e9d. Flammarion, coll. \u00ab\u00a0Champs\u00a0\u00bb, 1988, p. 44.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[4]<\/a> Idem<\/em>, p. 56.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[5]<\/a> Idem<\/em>, p. 115.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[6]<\/a> \u00ab\u00a0Le capitalisme de Braudel ou le monde \u00e0 l\u2019envers\u00a0\u00bb, Impenser la science sociale<\/em> (Paris, PUF, 1991), \u00e9dition \u00e9lectronique, Chicoutimi, UQAC, 2006, p. 249.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[7]<\/a> Civilisation mat\u00e9rielle, \u00e9conomie et capitalisme, XVe<\/sup>-XVIIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/em>, t. 2, les jeux de l\u2019\u00e9change, Paris, Armand Colin, 1979, p. 197.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[8]<\/a> Idem<\/em>, p. 514-515.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[9]<\/a> La m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Philippe II<\/em> [1949], r\u00e9\u00e9d. Paris, LGF, 1993, t. 2, Destins collectifs et mouvements d\u2019ensemble, 1993, p. 47.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[10]<\/a> La m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Philippe II<\/em>, t. 2, op. cit., 1993, p. 47.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[11]<\/a> Immanuel Wallerstein, <<\u00a0The Itinerary of World-Systems Analysis, or How to Resist Becoming a Theory>>, dans The Uncertainties of Knowledge<\/em>, Pheladelphie, Temple University Press, p. 88.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[12]<\/a> Civilisation mat\u00e9rielle, \u00e9conomie et capitalisme, XVe<\/sup>-XVIIIe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle<\/em>, op. cit., t. 3, p. 14.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[13]<\/a>La m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Philippe II<\/em>, op. cit., t. 1, La part du milieu, Paris, Armand Colin\/Le Livre de Poche (9e<\/sup> \u00e9dition, 1990), p. 203.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0 La Dynamique du capitalisme<\/em>, op. cit., p. 88.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[15]<\/a> La m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le monde m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Philippe II<\/em>, op. cit., t. 1, p. 222<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[16]<\/a> Les Ambitions de l\u2019histoire<\/em>, \u00e9d. Roselyne de Ayala et Paul Braudel, Paris, \u00c9d. de Fallois, 1997, p. 91.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[17]<\/a> Fernand Braudel,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019histoire des civilisations\u00a0: le pass\u00e9 explique le pr\u00e9sent \u00bb dans Lucien Febvre, Encyclop\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise<\/em>, Paris, Larousse, 1995, r\u00e9\u00e9d. Dans \u00c9crits sur l\u2019histoire<\/em>, Paris, Flammarion, 1969, p. 255-314.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

*\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (le monadisme): \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a (monades)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

** \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong> (le nomoth\u00e9tisme): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[18]<\/a> Marcel Mauss, \u00ab\u00a0Les civilisations. \u00c9l\u00e9ments et formes\u00a0\u00bb [1930], r\u00e9\u00e9d. Dans Techniques, technologies et civilisation<\/em>, Paris, PUF, 2012, p. 90.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[19]<\/a> Fernand Braudel, Grammaire des civilisations<\/em>, Paris, Flammarion, 1987, p. 65.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[20]<\/a> Samuel Huntington, Le Choc des civilisations<\/em>, Paris, Odile Jacob, 1996.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[21]<\/a> Gilbert Achcar, Le Choc des barbaries. Terrorismes et d\u00e9sordre mondial<\/em>, Paris, Syllepses, 2002, n. 18, p. 96.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[22]<\/a> Grammaire des civilisations<\/em>, op. cit<\/em>., p. 145.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[23]<\/a> \u00c0 ce propos\u00a0: Blaise Dufal, \u00ab\u00a0faire et d\u00e9faire l\u2019histoire des civilisations\u00a0\u00bb, dans Philippe B\u00fcttgen et al., Les Grecs, les Arabes et nous. Enqu\u00eate sur l\u2019islamophobie savante<\/em>, Paris, Fayard, 2019, p. 317-358.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[24]<\/a> Gilbert Achcar, Le Choc des barbaries, op. cit., p. 96.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[25]<\/a> \u00ab\u00a0Les civilisations. El\u00e9ments et formes\u00a0\u00bb, op. cit.,<\/em> p. 95.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[26]<\/a> Idem<\/em>., p. 89.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[27]<\/a> \u00a0\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019histoire des civilisations\u00a0: le pass\u00e9 explique le pr\u00e9sent \u00bb, op. cit<\/em>., p. 291.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[28]<\/a> Immanuel Wallerstein, Carlos Aguirre Rojas, Charles C. Lemert, Uncertain worlds. World-Systems Analysis in Changing Times<\/em>, Londres, Routledge, 2012, p. 43-44.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[29]<\/a> Idem<\/em>, p. 43.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

*\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c GAFAM\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

** \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644 (Paypal): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0631 (Palantir Technologies): \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0645 (logiciels) \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

[30]<\/a> Cit\u00e9 par C\u00e9dric Durand, Technof\u00e9odalisme. Critique de l\u2019\u00e9conomie num\u00e9rique<\/em>, Paris, Zones, 2020.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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