{"id":6790,"date":"2026-06-01T22:58:07","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T21:58:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=6790"},"modified":"2026-06-01T23:08:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T22:08:50","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ribatalkoutoub.com\/?p=6790","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (2026-1921)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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30 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026 – \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 AFP\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

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\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u061f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c (La M\u00e9thode)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1977 \u06482004: \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/em> (1977)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/em> (1980)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/em> (1986)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/em> (1991)\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em> (2001)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em> (2004). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628 (complexe)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a complexus<\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628<\/strong> (1991): “\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644” (\u0635 102).<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a (principe dialogique<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0636\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (principe r\u00e9cursif)<\/em> \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 (principe hologrammatique<\/em>) \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0638\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/strong> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0647: “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639.”<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d: “\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.” (1999:15) \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (Enseigner \u00e0 vivre: Manifeste pour changer l\u2019education, 2014) <\/em>\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n

” \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 – \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 – \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629”. (2014:35).<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (Penser l’Europe<\/em>, 1987)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0626\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062e\u0651\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0638\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 “\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064a (Les souvenirs viennent \u00e0 ma rencontre, Fayard, 2019) <\/em>\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u061b \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u064e\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0638\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

————————————<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2002) \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2004) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c (2007) \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dortier, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois et Yousfi, Louisa (2013) Edgar Morin\u00a0: L\u2019aventure d\u2019une pens\u00e9e, \u00a0\u00a0 Sciences Humaines, Hors-S\u00e9rie<\/em>, N\u00b018-Mai-Juin.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar & Anne-Brigitte Kern (1993) Terre-Patrie<\/em>, Seuil.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (1999)\u00a0 Sept savoirs n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’\u00e9ducation du futur<\/em><\/a>, Paris, Le Seuil<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2019) Les souvenirs viennent \u00e0 ma rencontre<\/em>, fayard.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2017) pour changer de civilisation<\/em>, Editions de l\u2019Aube.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2014) Enseigner \u00e0 vivre. Manifeste pour changer l\u2019\u00e9ducation<\/em>, Actes Sud.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2005) Introduction \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e complexe<\/em>, Seuil.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2021) Le\u00e7ons d\u2019un si\u00e8cle de vie, <\/em>Deno\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2022) R\u00e9veillons-nous ! <\/em>Deno\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2023) Encore un moment\u2026,<\/em> Deno\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2024) L’ann\u00e9e a perdu son printemps<\/em> (Roman), Deno\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

Morin, Edgar (2025) Y-a-t-il des le\u00e7<\/em>o<\/em>ns de l’histoire<\/em>, Deno\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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